COMPARISON OF THE STATE OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE INDICATORS IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS BEFORE AND DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The research sought to establish differences in the status of domestic violence indicators in female university students before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The indicators used for the research were the structural and outcome indicators of domestic violence established by the UN. In order to find results, a descriptive, non-experimental, longitudinal comparative research design was developed. The population consisted of all female students at a national university. The research involved 292 students enrolled in the year 2019 and 314 in the year 2021. The research used the survey technique to collect data, based on a dichotomous questionnaire developed based on the indicators on violence against women developed by the United Nations Organization (2012). The results showed that violence suffered by university women increased significantly. In the case of physical violence, through kicks, punches, scratches, bites, shoves, hangs, runs, wounds with sharp weapons and blows with blunt objects (p<.005). In sexual violence, offenses and acts against modesty and sexual exploitation increased (p<.005). In economic violence, restrictions and control of expenses increased (p<.005). Finally, in psychological violence, there was an increase in threats, impediments to work, study or leave the house (p<.005). © 2022, University of Cienfuegos, Carlos Rafael Rodriguez. All rights reserved.

New year's eve show: an opportunity to further develop sustainable local tourism in Chile

Although the pandemic is still with us and COVID-19 continues to saturate the news, everyone has abundant reasons to travel, whether it be physical and mental exhaustion from prolonged shutdowns, vaccine tourism, family reunions, long-awaited vacations, summer in the southern hemisphere, school break or year-end holidays. The main purpose of this research was to examine and understand the main motivations that lead consumers to attend national events as part of their local tourism activities. Through interviews, we have therefore collected the complementary experiences of specialists who work day-in-day-out to encourage local, quality and sustainable tourism. Using a naturalistic qualitative methodology, our hermeneutic analysis is structured in five phases and based on data-of a social nature-from public and private institutions which believe in endurable tourism. In order to validate these results and for them to be considered by other institutions and other countries when modifying and proposing activities to maintain sustainable tourism, the interviewees had to be representatives of public and private institutions and national tourists who have worked and attended the celebrations of the end of the year 2021 in this region of Chile. Our main conclusions from the analyzed units show that these types of local events enhance local tourism and lead to sustainable political, economic, social, and ecological activities.